Implementing & Executing Strategy in the Global Marketplace Essay

Implementing & Executing Strategy in the Global Marketplace - Essay Example Aside from the key reasons for outsourcing, other benefits are also evident in applying this practice to one's business. Most notable of these is the advantage of getting a higher level of experience. The subcontracted business revolves around giving high quality services provided by experts. They need to constantly upgrade their services to maximize their potentials and lead the competition. Instead of employing experts to do the jobs of minimal importance as compared to the really significant ones, through outsourcing, businesses can now avail quality services on its non-core operations (Ouzts, 2003). This is the very reason why the founders of ODW Logistics, Inc, based in Columbus, Ohio, established a business that capitalizes on the need of their client's outsourcing needs. They have been offering "excellent logistics services to billion dollar companies" since 1972. Their product line includes warehousing and product distribution. They boast of devising "efficient and cost-effective material handling solutions" and supply "facilities, staffing, warehouse management systems, and all the rolling stock operating equipment" (ODW Logistics Website, 2006). Given the nature of outsourcing and the list of their service, ODW Logistics can definitely help in global firms' vision of gaining competitive advantage. If it is committed enough to produce excellent quality warehousing services, their clients will really feel ODW's excellent contribution enhancing their performance. Solving warehouse problems of most companies is probably the most significant contribution they can give. Materials handling is a very tedious and costly task that usually belongs outside the core operations of most companies. Unless a company is in the retailing and other industries where effective warehousing is extremely important, warehousing consumes huge amount of money and effort that should have been spent in improving the performances in other core operations. With 30 years of experience in this industry, ODW Logistics has proven to be one of the most trusted names in providing warehousing solutions to other companies. Another issue concerning warehousing in other companies is the lack of affordable warehousing space. Procuring and maintaining considerable amount of space for product inventory is a problem for most companies. Aside from the cost of maintaining the warehouse site they likewise need manpower and technology that they are not familiar with. With its Ohio campus that spans 82 acres, six buildings, 170 dock doors and a 400-trailer capacity yard. The campus also offers a 150,000 square foot container freight station as well as rail service, food grade facilities. All in all, ODW Logistics has 2 million square feet of distribution facilities all over the United States, it has enough resources to give hands-on and practical solutions to their client's warehousing problems. Another service feature that would give to its clients is the state-of-the-art technology that ODW Logistics uses in its operations. Its Warehouse Distribution Logistics System (WDLS) efficiently monitors inventory movement

Adult social care settings Essay Example for Free

Adult social care settings Essay Outcome 1 1.1 People communicate to understand their needs, to have a conversation, to express feelings, needs, to build relationships and trust. They communicate to share information and opinions, to ask questions and get answers. 1.2 Communication between staff effects service provision, understanding each other, team work and dignity in care. If communication is not effective, it can affect again residents-we can do harm to them, it can affect their health and well-being. Communication with staff is essential for passing information from one person to another. Information can be passed from carer worker to carer worker via verbal communication or written documents from care plans and daily reports, to fire books. Written communication has to be effective as it provides an on-going picture of a certain person, situation. Effective communication between staff is essential for care to be professional. Without effective communication care needs of the clients may go unnoticed leading to medical problems, abuse, depression etc. Communication with residents is most important in care job. That’s the way how you can easier understand they needs, requirements. It can affect service that carer provide to residents-more effective communication, better service to residents; with effective communication carer is building trust between residents and staff that helps in future work with them. 1.3 The care worker should always observe an individual’s reactions to see whether person fully understands what you have said to them. If the resident for example looks confused then the carer must then adapt their communication and ask again the question or other. In this way communication will be effective. It is also important to observe an individual’s reactions so as to spot anything that may be worrying them or upsetting them; the carer must to change their approach – this may be noticed through the resident change in facial expression or body language. If resident cannot verbalise what they want or prefer, then observing their reactions staff can make a decision about resident needs. Outcome 2 2.1 It makes more effective communication, more understand what other person trying to say. More understand they culture, religious believes. To be involved in their daily life. To avoid the individual feeling excluded, becoming distressed, frustrated or frightened. 2.2 Is verbal and non-verbal communication. Non-verbal communication is all without making noises, sounds. It can be writing, showing pictures with food choice, walk in park, toilette need. Can be even facial expressions, eye contact, body language, gestures or touch to get attention, physical gestures, behaviour. Verbal communication is vocabulary and tone in what person like to talk, involved in conversation. Outcome 3 3.1 Communication barriers can be place where person is, people around, noisy environment, values, culture, beliefs, his wishes and needs. Reason can be even lighting, how close you stand to that person or language barrier. 3.2 Communication barriers can reduce if you take the person to another room. Can try to turn lower music volume on television or radio. Try to talk with person in more private place, ask about his needs. Another way how we can reduce the impact of this barrier is by using a translator when you or resident do not understand what you both are saying because of a language barrier. Finally this would work because by using a translator you will not be offending people who speak a different language. Communication barrier can be because of different cultures and they include different cultures using different words or signs which may not be accepted in other cultures. One example of a mechanism which can be used to reduce the impact of this barrier to communication is by respecting other peoples beliefs and social habits. 3.3 To be sure that person understand me I can see it by his facial expressions, body language or his action on what I said. Ask if the person understand me, rephrasing. Some person need more time for get right answer or you should repeat a question, sentence. 3.4 It can be more enable: Colleague staff member who knows resident issues, needs, wishes, more  about his culture, values, beliefs. Speech therapist – can tell who has had a stroke. GP is person who know more about resident general health problems, how staff can make that person more relax and comfortable. Family can tell more about carrier person daily life, person food choice, needs. Psychotherapist – can advise on exercise for people at all stages of dementia. They can also give advice carers on safe ways of helping someone to move. Dentist – can be used if the individual has dentures which are to loose and move when speaking. Outcome 4 4.1 Confidentiality means keeping residents information private and safe and passing information to only those who have rights to it. Confidentiality means also not passing information outside care house, keeping information safe and private. 4.2 Confidentiality you can maintain with not passing information outside of work or to other resident visitors. Be professional and don’t talk about residents in public places when you have a meal with work colleagues or in public transport on a way home. Don’t leave a written personal records lying around. You need to put them in safe place, where access is just for staff members. Health records are confidential. They should be shared only on a need-to-know basis. Carrier can give access to resident relevant information to those who have rights to know it. 4.3 Can share confidential information when the person is being placed in danger, harmed or abused. You can share information with other staff members in situation if for example resident is telling you he feels in danger of other resident or staff member and ask you not to tell anyone. It is situation where you need to explain person that you can’t keep information, because you want him to be in safety and need to help him by acting straight away. Can share when a criminal act has taken place. However, even, where it is clearly beneficial to share information for direct care, rules about confidentiality and privacy still apply. That means that only those who have a clear need to know should have access to the relevant confidential information. 4.4 Can seek advice about confidentiality if speaking with manager or with the organisation’s confidentiality policy. If someone is calling by phone and asking some information about any of residents and you are not sure who it is you can always ask him to speak with manager or just  take persons phone number and tell him that manager will call him back. The Data Protection Act is a law that applies to all social services and health records. It means that any information about resident should be kept accurately and securely, and there should be measures restricting who can see it. There are circumstances when an authority may have the right to break the rules about confidentiality. This is normally in extreme situations.

Meeting Health and Well-being Needs in Day Care Centre

Meeting Health and Well-being Needs in Day Care Centre Day Care Centre This essay will be the design of a day care centre that will meet the needs of 3-5 year olds; cognitive, physical, emotional and social development. This will show examples of how to meet these needs and research to back up the actions. Cognitive development Between these ages lots of cognitive development is going on as they learn from what’s around them, this is where my day care centre can help. In terms of language acquisition children are using sentences made up of more than 4 words, which are intelligible to everyone, not just familiar listeners. They will also ask how and why questions (Bhalla, 2013), and able to answer these questions knowing what type of answer is required of them, despite maybe giving the wrong answer (Hussey-Gardner, 1992). They will be learning the meanings of words, which will help them describe things and tell stories. One issue that will come across is the over generalization of grammar rules, for example a child may use ‘goed’, ‘wented’ ‘fishes’ (Hussey-Gardner, 1992). This supports the language acquisition device (LAD) theory from Chomsky, a child assumed and applied the grammar rules from their universal grammar because they could not have copied or learned these words from adults (Albery, et al., 2008). However the flaw with this theory is that it doesn’t prove a child has a LAD, although it supports that children don’t learn language through imitation alone, they could learn it through other interactions (DAgostino, 2001). In my day care centre I will help prevent over generalisation of grammar rules by repeating the sentence back with the correct grammar in place, reading books with different tenses, ensuring I use the words which are freque ntly misused in the right context. I will also encourage their speech in general by getting them to describe things, and asking them to explain their activities. Vygotsky claimed that children at this age will talk to themselves in order to help complete tasks, this is a very important stage in cognitive development because speaking out loud whilst problem solving will eventually lead to internal thoughts (Albery, et al., 2008). In the day care centre I will help encourage this by giving children tasks by giving them spoken instructions so they can repeat these instructions to themselves whilst completing the task. Using language to assist in problem solving occurred in what Vygotsky called the egocentric speech stage. This stage has a connection to Piaget’s pre-operational stage, where Piaget also believed that children of this age were egocentric and had egocentric speech (Albery, et al., 2008). However Piaget didn’t come to the conclusion Vygotsky did that egocentric speech turned into internal thoughts, Piaget thought egocentric speech just disappeared (Blunden, 1997). Piaget also believed that within this stage children make mistakes due to centration, which is not being able to think of two things at once. He showed this using a balance scale task where children had to take into account distance and number of weights to see which side will go down (Waring, 2006). A criticism for Piaget’s test is that it was not something children understood and are used to and therefore harder for them to relate to the test (Waring, 2006) . I could help children think less centrally by using Vygotsky scaffolding theory (Chaiklin, 2003). They can solve a puzzle on their own taking only one element into account, then with the help of a more knowing adult they can solve a puzzle taking into account two elements, they then should be able to do this themselves. The scaffolding idea from Vygotsky’s zone of proximal development theory is the idea that more knowing adults can guide children through what they can do by themselves, what they can do with help and eventually doing it themselves. The problem with this theory is that it doesn’t take into consideration children’s personal abilities, if they are not particularly good at a skill, no amount of help will get them to succeed by themselves. It also doesn’t consider children’s motivation or desire to complete the task (Chaiklin, 2003) Physical Children at the age of 3-5 years are developing their fine and gross motor skills. They can get more involved in physical play, like climbing, or using tricycles. They can hold things between their thumb and finger rather than their whole fists and manipulate clay (Australian Government Department of Social Services, 2011). To help develop their fine motor skills I can start by giving the children bigger pencils and scissors and gradually give them smaller ones to use. I would also give them shapes to draw, at first getting them to draw along dotted lines, then copying a shape and them getting them to draw it free hand (Bhalla, 2013). Trawick-Smith (2010) noted in his report that motiavtion is an important factor in childrens physical development espeshially in their gross motor skills. He believes that children relate to make believe and role playing games and that they devlop physically when they can reflect on their actions and see what their actions do and look like. So in my day care centre I will have an area for physical sessions with a mirror coverng one side. In these sessions I will relate movements to characters e.g. marching soldiers or woddling penguins. As well as having an outdoor climbing frame which children can play on with each other. The problem with Trawick-Smith’s (2010) ideas are that it is hard to motivate a large group of children in the same way. The idea of physical activity sessions can also be supported by Bandura’s theory of observational learning which came about from his Bobo Doll experiment. The children now have the ability, biologically, to copy the behaviours and to learn new fine or gross motor skills. I need to offer the opportunity to observe the behaviours, for them to retain the behaviour, imitiate the behaviour, and repeat these behaviours. However I must motiave them to repeat the actions and reward the success of repeated action (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, n.d.). The problem with this theory is that there is no garentee that a child will repeat the behaviour straight away it may take a while for the child to feel it is beneficial for them to repeat the action (Taylor, 2014). This is a very behaviourist way of looking at pysical development. The nature vs. nurture debate could be relevant here, as you could argue that the a child will devlop the ability to do these activites through muturation. However behaviourist will take the nuture root that the behvaiour is learnt however the ability to learn it is innate (Keegan, 2002). Lifespan devlopmental theory takes on both approuches, at this age they are in the childhood stage (Keegan, 2002). At this stage they are gaining motor skillls however because myelination is still in its early stages (the devlopment of the sheath around the axon stucture in the Central Nervous System) a child cannot transmit information as fast, the more it develops the more complex brain processes can be allowed (Fraser-Trill, 2010). This may result in differnent physical activites each child is able to do (MacFarlane Nierman, 2001). So in my day care center I will have 3 groups for physical activites seperating the different ability levels. Social Children between the ages of 3-5 will be trying to interact with other children by engaging in pretend play (Bhalla, 2013). They may try and play with toys but sharing may be a difficult task for them at this age due to them being egocentric (Kamptner, 2014). Egocentrism is a theory put forward in Piaget’s pre-operational stage, he used the three mountains test to show that children could not picture someone else’s viewpoint (Albery, et al., 2008). However the problem with Piaget’s theory is that the three mountains test is not relatable to children, they do not understand what is being asked of him. When Hughes and Donaldson carried out the ‘Policeman test’ with children it showed that children could see from another point of view because the task was more relatable as a hide-and-seek type game (Albery, et al., 2008). In my day care centre I will have circle time, each child will have a chance to say something about their day, one child will have a teddy bear, this will indicate it’s their turn to talk, and everyone else in the circle must listen. This will help guide children into understanding others points of view. Egocentrism can also cause difficulties in sharing, taking turns, conflict when playing with each other and can be possessive over toys (Kamptner, 2014). I can try to reduce this in my day care centre by encouraging sharing by having a timer, when the timer ends the toy is given to another child. Also during this age group children are progressing from ‘interactive’ play, which involves parallel play, where children can play with the same toys in the same area but not together, to eventually, ‘cooperatively’ play together, which involves playing together with toys which makes it more organised, for example building something together (Kamptner, 2014). In my day care centre I will use Vygotsky’s scaffolding theory to assist the children in progressing through the two stages. At first I may have group of 2 children and one member of staff to complete a task, for example building a tower. Firstly the children will share the blocks to make one each with the watchful eye of the member of staff, which will encourage parallel play. Next I will get the children to build something different each with the same blocks, maybe a tower and a building which put together after will make a castle, this will show that working together can achieve more. The next stage will be getting the children to build a tower together, the member of staff with them will assign each of them a task to complete. After they will be asked to do the same but the children will organise themselves to cooperative play. The member of staff will be there to diffuse any conflicts that may arise, and to ensure they are sharing properly. Another factor I will have to c onsider is ensuring the children are motivated and rewarded for playing nicely with each other. Emotional At this age children are becoming in tune with their emotions, they are starting to identify their own feelings, they can use words to express themselves which causes less frustration, have fears and are developing a sense of humour, bodily functions in particular are funny to them. It’s important for children to be able to identify emotions as they can still be overwhelmed by them if they don’t understand, however children need to understand their own emotions and others too (Bullick, 2010). Piaget believed that children in the pre-operational stage could not feel empathy because they are too egocentric, however this was contradicted by the policeman test (Albery, et al., 2008). Now that it’s been supported that children can have empathy it’s important to develop it, one way of doing this could be through using a ‘persona doll’. Persona dolls are doll that come in a range of shapes, colour, religion and abilities to help children relate to them. An adult will tell a story about the persona doll, the children then interact by suggesting how it makes them feel and how to make them feel better. For example ‘the doll is scared of the dark’, a child will respond ‘she is scared of the dark like me, I have a night light, we should get her one too’ or ‘someone told the doll she couldn’t play because she was a girl’ a child would respond ‘someone said that to me once, I felt sad. Everyone should be all owed to play.’ This doll encourages them to not only identify their own emotions but also empathise with someone else’s and what they can do to make themselves and others feel better (Brown, et al., 2012). Children who will help themselves or others with their emotions are using their initiative, which is one of the elements in Erikson’s initiative vs guilt psychosocial stage. An initiative child will have a good self-esteem and confident in the activities they are doing. For example they may lead other peers to play a game, or get others to join in on activities or make decisions for example collect their coat when its home time without being told. However low self-esteem or guilt can occur when this initiative is not praised, or criticised, this can lead to inhibition (McLeod, 2013). I can help raise initiative by encouraging role play games as groups. I may have a small group of children and one adult, the adult will nominate one child to make up roles and organise the game which they will all join in on, and the adult must try not to take over or discourage any of the ideas. The next day the adult will nominate a different child, this way all the children have a fair part to play and they are all gaining initiative. Erikson’s theory is based on Freudian view of the conflicting id, ego and superego, however Erikson doesn’t state how successfully resolve these conflicts and the boundaries between each are vague. It also doesn’t show how of if one of the conflict stages can effect another (McLeod, 2013). I could also include Bowlby’s attachment theory here. Bowlby believed that children become attached to their primary care giver, and by this age they will be upset if they leave them (Keegan, 2002). To help with this transition I could let the parents be at the day care center together, to let them get used to it, and then they could bring a teddy from home that they could use a comfort if they start to get upset. In conclusion I will have to bear in mind a lot of aspects in order for the children in my day care centre to have the best development. It has been supported that role play, problem solving and an adult helping hand can go a long way in the development stages. References Albery, I. P., Chandler, C., Field, A., Jones, D., Messer, D., Simon, M., Sterling, C. (2008). Complete Psychology (2nd ed.). (G. Davey, Ed.) London: British Libuary Cataloguing in Publication Data. Australian Government Department of Social Services. (2011, March 10). Physical Development 3-4 year olds. Retrieved Febuary 17, 2014, from Rasing Children: http://raisingchildren.net.au/articles/physical_health_from_age_3_to_4_pbs.html Bhalla, S. (2013, April 25). Parenting Tips Sorted by Age Preschoolers. Growth and Development: 3-5 years. Retrieved Febuary 13, 2014, from One Tough Job: https://www.onetoughjob.org/tips/preschoolers/growth-a-development-3-5-years Blunden, A. (1997). Vygotsky and the Dialectical Method. Retrieved Febuary 13, 2014, from Marxists.org: http://www.marxists.org/archive/vygotsky/works/comment/vygotsk1.htm Brown, B., Johnson, M., Louth, J., Shepherd, M., Spencer, M., Wilson, M. (2012). Case Studies. Retrieved Febuary 19, 2014, from Persona Doll Training: www.persona-doll-training.org Bullick, T. (2010). Growing Miracles. The first six years with your child. (2nd ed.). Alberta: Alberta Health Services. Chaiklin, S. (2003). The Zone of Proximal Development in Vygotskys Analysis of Learning and Instruction. In V. S. Ageyev, B. Gindis, A. Kozulin, S. M. Miller, Vygotskys Educational Theory in Cultural Context (pp. 39-61). Cambridge: The Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge. DAgostino, F. (2001). Noam Chomsky. Retrieved Febuary 13, 2014, from Chomsky.info: www.chomsky.info/bios/2001-02.htm Fraser-Trill, R. (2010, August 26). Definition of Myelination. Retrieved Febuary 26, 2014, from About.com: tweenparenting.about.com/od/physicalemotionalgrowth/a/Difinition-of-Myelination.html Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. (n.d.). Physical Devlopment: Age 2-6. Retrieved Febuary 18, 2014, from CliffNotes: http://www.cliffsnotes.com/sciences/psychology/development-psychology/physical-cognitive-development-age-26/physical-development-age-26 Hussey-Gardner, D. B. (1992). Language Development. Retrieved Febuary 13, 2014, from Parenting Me: http://www.parentingme.com/language Kamptner, L. (2014, January 7). Supporting Childrens Devlopment 3-5 year olds Social Development. Retrieved Febuary 18, 2014, from Institute for Child Devlopment and Family Relations: http://icdfr.csusb.edu/documents/phandoutsocialdevelopment-2.pdf Keegan, G. (2002). Developmental Psychology. Kilmarnock: Learning and Teaching Scotland. MacFarlane, M., Nierman, M. (2001). Life Span Development. Retrieved Febuary 26, 2014, from Annenberg Learner: http://www.learner.org/series/discoveringpsychology/development/dev_flash.html McLeod, S. (2013). Erik Erikson. Retrieved Febuary 19, 2014, from Simply Psychology: www.simplypsychology.org/Erik-Erikson Taylor, V. (2014, Febuary 18). The Disadvantages of Observational Learning. Retrieved Febuary 18, 2014, from ehow: http://www.ehow.co.uk/info_8571259_disadvantages-observational-learning.html Trawick-Smith, J. (2010). From Playpen to Playground—The Importance of Physical Play for the. Eastern Connecticut: Head Start Body Start National Center for Physical Development and Outdoor Play. Retrieved Febuary 17, 2014 Waring, P. (2006). Cognition and Development. Retrieved Febuary 13, 2014, from Psychology 4a: http://www.psychology4a.com/cognitive_development.htm

Womens Athletic Organizations :: Pro Con Essays

Pro's and Con's of Women's Athletic Organizations being Incorporated by Men's Athletic Organizations When the American Basketball League (ABL) started up, I was one of the wide-eyed young athletes who dreamed of playing in it when I grew up. I had always had lots of women role models as athletes, but this gave me something that I could aspire to do with my life. These women were playing basketball as a career. My parents took me to games to see the New England Blizzard and the Columbus Quest play. One time we stayed in the same hotel as the Columbus team, and they all came out of their rooms and talked to me and autographed a program for me. That summer that Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) initiated by the National Basketball Association (NBA). I was adamantly against the WNBA from the moment I heard its name. Take the men's league and stick 'women' in front of it, and you had the WNBA. The WNBA wasn't even playing basketball during the right time. No one should have a basketball season during the summer. Of course, they couldn't play during the winter because then th ey would be interfering with the men's games. The NBA couldn't let women's games draw support away from the men's games. In my thirteen-year-old eyes, the ABL was a league made for women by former female players. It had female coaches and it was the true basketball league that would give women an equal chance. The WNBA was thought up as a novelty by fat white men in business suits who thought that with the NBA's backing and money, they could do just about anything. So why not let women play basketball and see how it went over? In retrospect, I can see that neither of my opinions on the two leagues was exactly correct. However, I still resent the NBA-supported WNBA for breaking the first women's basketball league that had a real chance of surviving. I resent it more because I know that the WNBA did have a better chance of competing in the business world of professional sports because they did have support from the men's league. The WNBA would get more sponsors than the ABL would, and it could afford to not make a profit for a few years with the financial support from the NBA. I can also see that with my height and lack of natural athletic ability there was no way I would have ever made it into either league.

Behavior Description Interview Essay

You have invested the time of several experienced employees and a good deal of expense to interview a number of promising entry-level accountants. However, you wonder if your interviewing techniques are really helping you hire the job candidates that will be superior performers and help your organization remain profitable. Your concerns may be justified if you are using a typical interviewing strategy in which there is no standard set of questions or a strategy in which interview questions do not explicitly focus on the past behavior of the applicant. Yet, there is an alternative. Studies in human-resource management suggest that behavior description interviewing may help you identify better performers from the rest of the applicants PRINCIPLES OF THE BEHAVIOR DESCRIPTION INTERVIEW The first principle of the Behavior Description (BD) interview is interviewers standardize or structure the interview. The most important aspect of standardization is asking applicants the same or highly Similar questions. This allows all applicants to have a chance to provide information about certain job-related concerns and allows interviewers to compare similar types of information. The alternative of each interviewer asking their own questions will have your organization comparing apples and oranges when trying to make hiring decisions. Often this leads to lower quality hiring decisions. An organization may also seek to standardize the location of the interview, the individual who conducts the interview, etc. Any efforts to ensure similar treatment of applicants should be encouraged. An additional benefit of standardizing interview questions is that the interview is more defensible in court. In the past, organizations that had standardized questions won employment discrimination lawsuits more often than those without standardized questions. The second principle of BD interviewing is to explicitly focus on past behavior. BD enthusiasts believe that past behavior is the best predictor of future behavior. They also believe more recent behavior is a better predictor of future behavior than older behavior and that longstanding trends are better predictors of behavior than isolated incidents. The belief in the effectiveness of using past behavior to predict future behavior leads BD interviewers to ask certain questions. These questions use a superlative adjective (e.g. most, least, toughest, etc.) to focus the applicant on one particular incident of behavior. For example, accounting firms need staff members who are willing to address both internal and client problems. To gather relevant information about an applicant, a BD interviewer might ask the applicant to â€Å"tell me about the last time a new idea of yours helped an organization or group work better.† The interviewer might also be ready with follow-up questions such as â€Å"how did you develop this idea,† â€Å"how did you convince your supervisor or client to adopt it,† and â€Å"how did it help the organi zation?† The follow-up questions may be answered as the applicant discusses a particular situation, but their presence alerts the interviewer that this information is important. In another instance, accounting professionals are often called upon to make presentations to groups such as audit committees or boards of directors. Accordingly, an interviewer might ask a job candidate to â€Å"tell me about the most difficult presentation you have ever had to make to a group of five or more people.† Probes might include â€Å"what was the presentation about,† â€Å"how did you prepare for it,† and â€Å"was the presentation evaluated or graded?† In each case, the BD approach to interviewing should yield a large amount of high quality information to the interviewer and can help the somewhat anxious applicant have a particular incident to discuss. The BD approach to interviewing can be strongly contrasted with more typical interviewing strategies. First, typical strategies suggest interviewers â€Å"let candidates take the interview where they want to,† â€Å"go with the flow,† or let the interviewee talk about any subject they desire so that you can best assess their personality. While this advice is encountered frequently, it is highly inaccurate. Studies contrasting BD interviewing to this approach show that the BD interview does a much better job of predicting job performance. In addition, studies that statistically combine the results of 10,000+ interviews from many smaller studies strongly suggest that various styles of interviews that standardize questions or other aspects of the interview work much better than the nonstandardized interview styles. Second, BD interviewing seeks to avoid making judgments of applicants’ personalities. Assessing personality characteristics in a 345 minute interview would be highly difficult for a psychologist. As a result, many professionals rely on well established tests to measure personality–they are cheaper to use and much more accurate. Additionally, many personality characteristics do not have a history of predicting job success. Currently, many human resource management professionals believe intelligence and dependability do differentiate higher performers from lower performers. Extroversion, considered by many to be a positive trait for auditing personnel, also differentiates higher versus lower performers in some situations. Other traits should be viewed with caution until they clearly are shown to relate to job performance. Care should also be taken in trying to match the personality type of an applicant to the personality of the office. While it is extremely difficult to measure either of the above, it is also potentially hazardous. The solution to this problem is to avoid using most personality traits and ask applicants about past behavior that may be similar to behavior required on the job. Finally, the BD interviewer tries to avoid hypothetical and self evaluative questions. In most cases, there is little evidence to suggest that most hypothetical questions actually distinguish between better and poorer performing individuals. This may be due to the difficulty of injecting enough â€Å"reality† in the situation to make it a good predictor of job success. Self-evaluative questions such as â€Å"describe yourself† or â€Å"are you computer literate† also have no history of predicting job performance. In addition, they ask the applicant to do your job for you. You should decide how competent applicants are in a particular area since you are worried about their contribution to your organization. Applicants’ answers are influenced to a large degree by their desire to land a job. BD interviews differ from situational interviews. Recent literature has confused the two approaches. While the BD interview focuses on past applicant behavior, the situational interview asks applicants how they would behave in future situations (extensive research is used to create real situations). The situational interview can also require different types of rating scales to be used at the end of the interview. While there are several differences between BD interviewing, situational interviewing, and typical interviews, there are also similarities. BD interviewers also believe it is important to break the ice with applicants, that they should ask for an applicant’s preferred name, that they should take notes, and they should close the interview in a professional manner. These guidelines are important in any style of interview. STEPS TO CONSTRUCTING A BD INTERVIEW Three steps should be used to develop a BD interview. They are illustrated in the following hypothetical example involving the hiring of entry-level accountants in a CPA . Interviewers need to analyze the job and determine the key results areas. Key results areas are the major tasks or behaviors that an entry-level accountant must be able to accomplish. Key results areas may be defined by many different strategies including a discussion among recruiters, managers, and partners. Key results areas might include: 1. Communicate with other individuals-a. In verbal and written forms with other accountants including supervisors and peers; b. In verbal and written forms with clients; 2. Diagnoses organizational problems; 3. Recommend solutions to organizational problems; and 4. Use common computer software (e.g., spreadsheet programs, data retrieval software, on-line services, or tax-preparation packages). The above behaviors or tasks should be examined to determine the knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) that will enable them to be accomplished. Thus, an entry-level accountant should have: 1. Written communication skills to interact through letters and reports to clients and other accountants; 2. Verbal communication skills to communicate with clients and other accountants (not necessarily including making presentations to large groups); 3. Ability to diagnose problems in complex situations; 4. Ability to solve problems individually and in groups; 5. Ability to attend to large amounts of detail; 6. Ability to manage multiple tasks; 7. Knowledge of common software programs; The KSAs required lead to a selection plan that involves a series of BD questions. In this example it is assumed that there will be two interviews: a recruiting interview at the school and an invitation to the firm’s office. To evaluate the candidate’s KSAs the following questions and probes might be used. 1 Written communication skills a. Ask for a sample of writing from a professional or educational setting before the second interview. 2. Verbal communication skills: a. Watch for verbal communication skills throughout each interview and rate them at the end of the first and second interviews. 3. Ability to diagnose problems in complex situations: a. Tell me about the last time you recognized a problem in an organization in which you were involved. * How did you recognize the problem? * How did you study the problem? * How did you determine a solution to the problem? b. Tell me about a time in the last year in which you were gathering information from a person who was being uncoopeative. * What was the situation? * Why were they being uncooperative? * How did you feel? * How did you get the information you needed? * What was the result in this situation? 4. Ability to solve problems individually and in groups/teams: a. What was the most successful solution that you and a group of other individuals developed to a particular problem? * What was the problem? * What was your role? * What was the result of your solution? b. What is the toughest problem that you as an individual have solved in an educational or work setting? * What was the problem? * What was the result of your solution? 5. Ability to attend to large amounts of detail: a. Tell me about the last time when you had to gather large amounts of information to complete a project. *What was the project? *How did you organize the details? * What was the end result? * Did anyone assign you a grade for the project? b. Which class of yours required the most attention to detail. Please tell me how you dealt with the demands of the class. * How did it require attention to detail? * What was your strategy to deal with the detail? *What was the result? 6. Ability to manager multiple tasks: a. Tell me about how you managed your school work and extracircular activities during your busiest semester. * What made the semester so busy? * Did you have any priorities? * Where there any strategies that helped you cope? * How did the semester turn out (in terms of grades, activities, etc.)? b. Tell me about the last time you had to â€Å"juggle† several different responsibililties when you held a job. * What were the responsibilities? * Did you have any priorities? * Where there any strategies that helped you cope? 7. Knowledge of computer software programs: a. Please tell us about the most involved computer project that you have been involved with in school or in an organization. * What software was involved? * What was your role? * What was the result or grade? 4. Please tell us about the last time you learned a new piece of software. * What did it help you accomplish? * How did you learn it? * Did you enjoy the experience? c. Please tell us about any time that you used a spreadsheet program such as Lotus 1-2-3, Quattro Pro, or Excel. * Was individually or a group? *What did you need to accomplish? * What was the result or grade? Once the questions are developed, recruiters should organize the questions and probes into some logical order on an interview form. The form may provide reminders to greet the applicant warmly and any other reminders desired by the recruiters. It should definitely leave enough room for notes about the answer to each question. These notes can be extremely helpful when recruiters are trying to remember the remarks of each person recently interviewed. We recommend that recruiters practice with the new interviewing form. Recruiters may pair off and take turns playing the interviewer and the applicant, or they may wish to enlist a student to go through an interview. The trial interviews could be recorded on a video camera. The feedback from the video playback is often a very valuable learning experience. Lastly, an interviewer evaluation report should be designed to record ratings for each candidate. The process is relatively simple once the knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) required by the job have been listed. We suggest that recruiters list all the KSAs down one side of the paper as seen in Figure 1. (Figure omitted) This will allow a systematic consideration of each applicant against job requirements. Next, recruiters should choose a rating scale. We have – chosen a five-point scale anchored by â€Å"very little† of the KSA on one end of the scale and ‘a great amount† on the other end of the scale Scales should have from five to seven points and anchors meaningful to the recruiters. A place for notes or comments and a set of simple instructions is also recommended. Finally, there should be a place for an overall evaluation of the candidate. There are several different methods which can be used to generate an overall evaluation score. A recruiter can make an overall evaluation of the candidate on the same scale used for each KSA. Unfortunately, past research has suggested that this method is not very reliable. Another option is presented in the figure on page 77. In this case the recruiters add their ratings to form a final evaluation. This approach is relatively simple and often yields final recommendations quite similar to more complex methods. Furthermore, individual KSA’s can be weighted differently. In this case, each KSA evaluation score could be multiplied by its weight. All scores would be summed to obtain an overall score For example, assume that the first four KSA’s in the figure were assigned weights of .2 and the last three KSA’s weights of .1. A candidate might be given a rating of 5 on the first two KSA’s and ratings of 4 on the other KSA’s. The candidate’s overall evaluation score would equal 4.8 (5 x .2 + 5 x 2+ 4 x .2 + 4 x 2 + 4 x .1+ 4 x .1+ 4 x .1). Either of the last two approaches is recommended. The authors would like to thank Paul Osting (Vice-Chairman, Human Resources, Ernst & Young, New York, NY), J. Breck Boynton (Director of Human Resources, Elliot, Davis, & Company, Greensville, SC) and Patricia G. Roth (Clemson University) for their comments and suggestions.

Arnold For Governor essays

Arnold For Governor essays American Governor. In my opinion this should be an extremely serious position. I would think that an American Governor being head of state is likely a stronger and more demanding position than that of a Provincial Premier in this country. In other words this is a very serious elected position. Not a position for someone without experience, management capability, or strong business acumen. Consider that the Premier of Ontario is responsible for the affairs of the Province of Ontario and has been elected to handle and direct the people and economy of Ontario. By the way Ontario has only about ten million people. Now understand that the state of California has over fifty million people this is a very serious economy and needs very serious attention paid to it. As a matter of fact the State of California is the fifth largest economy in the world. All I can tell you is that I dont think the American voters really understand themselves how serious the position, Governor of California, really is. You would think that the elected Governor of California, would have received the confidence of the voters of California by serving the people in the state, over a period of years. The elected individual would gain experience as he filled various positions, and or mandates in the state. In other words one would think that the Governorship of the State of California would be held by a rock solid business person, with a tremendous understanding of the social and economic needs of the people of that state. It seems that this is not necessarily the case. It appears that the road to the Governorship of California is more of a popularity contest than a process to elect an official that has all the correct qualifications to manage the business of running the State of California. It seems to me ridiculous to think that the Terminator Arnold Schwarzenegger has enough experience to handle this position. I am not saying that ...

Capital Punnishment essays

Capital Punnishment essays Capital Punishment for the Mentally Retarded In my opinion, people who have mental retardation should not be executed for the crimes that they are accused of. There are many reasons for my answer. By definition capital punishment is an execution of a criminal who is convicted of a crime, otherwise known as punishment by death. It can be carried out in various different ways: lethal injection, electrocution and gas chamber, only to name a few. By definition mental retardation is a lifelong condition of impaired or incomplete mental development. A person is considered to be mentally retarded if he or she has the following three specific characteristics. The first characteristic is a significantly sub average intellectual functioning, or an intellectual functioning level (IQ) below 75 . The average IQ in the United States is considered to be a 100; therefore an IQ of 75 and below is significantly below the average American IQ. For a grown adult to have an IQ of 75 or below is equivalent to that of a child in the third grade. The second characteristic that defines a person who is mentally retarded is a concurrent and related limitation in two or more adaptive skill areas. This means that a person with mental retardation cannot communicate to the level of an average person; they do not have adept social skills; they have no self-direction; and they cannot work for a living. Basically they cannot live on their own because they are not only mentally, but physically as well, unable to care for themselves. They cannot reach the levels of maturity that they should be able to when they reach a certain age. The third, and last, characteristic that helps to determine a person with mental retardation is manifestation before age eighteen, or for the condition to be present by the age of eighteen. There are many factors that can contribute to a person having mental retardation. A few causes relate to genetics or are ...

Animal Dreams essays

Animal Dreams essays People dream about whatever they do when theyre awake. Dreams, what [one] hopes for, [are] not separate from [ones] life (133; ch.12). In Barbara Kingsolvers novel, Animal Dreams, each characters hopes, aspirations, and hardships are intricately woven throughout their lives and intertwined in their dreams. In the case of Codi Noline, the novels central character, foresight played both the role of the adversary and the desired. With the help of those surrounding her, such as her ailing father, Dr. Homero Noline, her adventurous sister, Hallie, a colorful local, Dona Althea, and her naturalist, hog-head boyfriend, Loyd, Codi finds closure and a place in her heart for the love that has forever been bestowed upon her. Each of these characters dreams reflects their innate and cultural instincts. For some, lack of faith and fear of rejection blockaded the gates to happiness, while other characters in the novel displayed courageous and directed efforts in order for their dreams to be come realized. In search of a place in the sun, a place to belong, Codi Noline set out on a journey to return to her hometown of Grace where during her childhood she had felt like an outcast. Lacking both sleep and dreams, she attempted to search for her life, her past, and any hint of connection with her distant, ailing father. Due to the lack of male influence and attention from Dr. Noline, Codi sought solace in the arms of her lovers. This constant desire for companionship left her helpless and alone. Her attempts to be brave were reinforced by her restablished relationship with Loyd Peregrina (200; ch.17). Codis main goal in life since she was young was to fit in, but unfortunately she was always an oddity in Grace, forced to wear orthopedic shoes and read encyclopedias (219; ch.18). After the death of her mother and the miscarriage of her baby, Codi feare...

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Superstructural Methods & Processes - Essay Example Half frame does not require heavy steel. Several decades ago when there was plenty of lumber, houses and barns were framed in full frame. These frames had solid and heavy steel that were tinned, mortised and pinned together. However, the scarcity of lumber that has been a characteristic of the modern times has influenced the construction of houses or structures with half frame style (McEwan, 2007, p 273). Half frame does not require heavy steel. In addition, it uses more nails and planks. Many buildings constructed in the modern day are constructed with balloon framing inside the houses and plank framing in the barns. This paper will analyse the superstructure processes, requirements and other methods that are used in building. Main forms of construction in a storage warehouse The Warehouse space type is designed in a way that allows the storage of goods and other equipment. When constructing a storage house, constructors pay attention to the requirements that are needed by the floor in place. There are many different types of concrete floors. This means that there are many methods of laying these floors. In addition, when constructing storage houses, constructors have to pay attention to the environment used. The environment determines the method to be used and the floor to be laid in a storage house. Precision must always be one of the most important factors to be considered when constructing a storage house. The space, shelving and the storage facility influence the construction of storage houses with respect to materials and adjustments to be considered in the construction process. A competition swimming pool Design The design used to make the recirculation system is critical in a competitive pool. The system must also deal with water displaced by swimmers, also known as static surge and waves with kinetic surge during competition. The water should be returned through the pool bottom in an up flow system that displaces the water evenly without putting preju dice on any one competitor. Lighting is significant to competition because it judges distances and evaluates the position of other competitors. Lighting can be provided by in-pool lights, installing of ceiling fixtures or natural sunlight. The minimum illumination for indoor pools should be 215 lux and outdoor pools must be at least 110 lux. All in-pool lights are placed to the sidewalls during competition. In modern pool design, movable bulkheads are necessary to accommodate the variety of competitive requirements. Construction schedules of a superstructure Construction schedules help in superstructure methods and procedures in different ways. First, it helps to assign dates to activities of the intended project. Project scheduling also helps to match the resources provided for construction equipment and labor provision of project. Scheduling can also eradicate problems because of construction holdup (Hannon & et.al, 2007), p 101). The diagram below shows the procedure followed whe n developing a construction For the facilitation of early clearance of

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Analysis of American Eagle Outfitters Research Paper

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Human Resource Management in UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

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Title should be chosen by the writer in accordance to the essay

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Evaluation model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Evaluation model - Essay Example The sensitization will not only include educating the youth on ways of avoiding falling into addiction but will also be testing different models of ensuring the youth keep away from drug abuse. In addition to that, the program intents to implement models and techniques of breaking the cycle of youths addicted to drugs. The purpose and scope of the program is to identify the communities within Washington DC where drug abuse is prevalent and the incident rate for health related complications resulting from the addiction. The complications resulting from drug abuse will be identified and categorized. These effects will be grouped and assessed in the following categories; spiritual, emotional, mental, social and financial health. Drug abuse among the youths in Washington DC will be gauged on the basis of subpopulation within the city. This will be an attempt to help unearth communities where incidences of drug abuse are high. A detailed analysis of each subpopulation will proceed to determine its socioeconomic status, level of education, the rate of crime and access to drugs. The main that will be used in the third assessment of the communities is categorical socioeconomic status of the communities. This aspect will categorize the community in terms of the community with high socioeconomic status, the one in between and the one on the lower end of the socioeconomic status. This way, it would be easy for Discover Hope organization to come up with a hypothesis from the results that will draw a relationship between a community’s socioeconomic status, level of education and drug abuse. Using that criteria in assessing the relationship of drug and substance abuse within the communities, conclusive results will enable identification of the target community and Discover Hope will be in a position to roll out its program in the most effective way

Human Resource Management in UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Human Resource Management in UK - Essay Example The name of the organization is to redesign the dressing sense of individuals and generate a positive feeling and developing fashion sense amongst them. The name is selected keeping in consideration the segment of the industry in which, the company is operating. In the year 2011, the worth of the UK clothing market is around  £33.8 billion (UK market leaders 2013). In this amount, 57% is contributed by women clothing, footwear, and accessories. The company is the leading market share holder in UK women wear categories which also further includes women’s dresses. It is the largest retailer in the teens wear segment of UK on the basis of total revenue and holds about 16.1% of the market. The organization has a tall organizational structure, which helps in maintaining a hierarchical arrangement of authority, communications, rights, and duties (Madura 2007). The organization Redesign follows a tall structure, which is diagrammatically represented as under: Organisational culture is the collection behavior shown by a human who is the main assets and their actions add meaning to the organization. They are unique cultural beliefs that are shared among the employees of an organization. The organizational culture of the company is in compliance with pragmatic organization culture (Alvesson 2012). The major emphasis of the company is on the customers and external parties of the business. The main focus of the employees is on customer satisfaction. Customers are treated as Gods and all the rules are followed as expected by them. Every employee of the organization strives hard for meeting the expectations for their client for the fulfillment of maximum business. The main focus of the company is on producing excellent results with the use of straightforward methods. The focus is on encouraging teamwork, investing in processes and constantly creating work challenges (Koekemoer and Bird 2004).

Evaluation model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Evaluation model - Essay Example The sensitization will not only include educating the youth on ways of avoiding falling into addiction but will also be testing different models of ensuring the youth keep away from drug abuse. In addition to that, the program intents to implement models and techniques of breaking the cycle of youths addicted to drugs. The purpose and scope of the program is to identify the communities within Washington DC where drug abuse is prevalent and the incident rate for health related complications resulting from the addiction. The complications resulting from drug abuse will be identified and categorized. These effects will be grouped and assessed in the following categories; spiritual, emotional, mental, social and financial health. Drug abuse among the youths in Washington DC will be gauged on the basis of subpopulation within the city. This will be an attempt to help unearth communities where incidences of drug abuse are high. A detailed analysis of each subpopulation will proceed to determine its socioeconomic status, level of education, the rate of crime and access to drugs. The main that will be used in the third assessment of the communities is categorical socioeconomic status of the communities. This aspect will categorize the community in terms of the community with high socioeconomic status, the one in between and the one on the lower end of the socioeconomic status. This way, it would be easy for Discover Hope organization to come up with a hypothesis from the results that will draw a relationship between a community’s socioeconomic status, level of education and drug abuse. Using that criteria in assessing the relationship of drug and substance abuse within the communities, conclusive results will enable identification of the target community and Discover Hope will be in a position to roll out its program in the most effective way

Online School vs. Public School Essay Example for Free

Online School vs. Public School Essay Sloan Consortium stated that, â€Å"More than one million students attended classes via the Internet in 2008. Of those million, around 200,000 were enrolled in full-time virtual schools, meaning they attend all of their classes online.† I have been doing Online Schooling for two years but before that I went to public school. Online schooling is a better choice than public schooling because you have more control, there is no drama, and you have more free time. I prefer online homeschooling because I can control my pace. I get to decide when I want to work and I don’t have to study all day, everyday like I normally would. The course schedule is also up to me; courses can be done one at a time or in groups. During my first year at an online school I did five courses at one time. It’s now my second year and I am doing one course at a time, which I definitely prefer. At Public schools, course schedules are picked for me and I would have no control. You also can’t control what is going on in your school environment. One of the best things about online school is that there is never any drama. I really hate gossiping, which is a big problem at public schools. Because I only interact with other kids from my school by way of the internet there is no pettiness between us. Kids my age fight over friends and boyfriends or girlfriends. There’s nothing to fight about when you live as far away from each other as we do. At normal schools though, you see everyone everyday. When your constantly with the same group of people, someone’s feelings are always getting hurt and there is constant arguments. Many of situations involve your â€Å"friends†. If your friends with someone you can’t be friends with anyone they don’t like, which can get very complicated. 3 When doing school online, you have much more free time. If I stay caught up, I’m able to do things after school and on the weekends. When I was in public school, I had far too much homework to do anything. Now I’m able to take a few days off for vacation or because I’m sick and not have to worry about falling far behind. While at public school all of my time was filled by homework, but now I’m able to spend hours after school with my horse or just relaxing. Some of my family has expressed concern about me not  interacting with children my age because I don’t go to public school. Because of online schooling, I’m able to hang out with my friends at our barn. Before I switched I never saw any of my friends outside of school because I never had the time. Online schooling is a much better choice than public schooling. The benefits of online school far outweigh those of public schooling. With Online schooling you have so many more choices, everything is up to you! There are many different schooling choices but online schooling has made my life easier and stress free. I definitely suggest that you look into online schooling as an alternative to public school. It may not be right for everyone, but it might be right for you.

The Roles And Uses Of Political Rhetoric Politics Essay

The Roles And Uses Of Political Rhetoric Politics Essay This paper discusses how Aristotle defined rhetoric and analyzes the reasoning that went into development of a persuasive speech. This paper looks at the three types of rhetoric Aristotle described as well as the explanation for the role and place of rhetoric in todays political environment. Political Rhetoric Rhetoric as defined by Aristotle was the ability, in each particular case, to use the available means of persuasion. In general, rhetoric is the energy inherent in emotion and thought, transmitted through a system of signs, including language, to others to influence their decisions or actions(Kennedy, pp. 5-8). Aristotle introduces rhetoric as an art which focuses on persuasion and the various methods used to convince an audience of a specific point of view. Some people see rhetoric as a technique of manipulation and not a form of persuasion, however, as with everything that point is debatable. In general, rhetoric is the art of public speaking and debate. Rhetorical skills are valued in such professions as teaching, law, religion, news reporting and politics. While the purpose of rhetoric concentrates on the emotional response of sensitive topics such as religion and politics, the ultimate goal of rhetoric is to sway ones opinion. Professional rhetoricians dont have to be honest in the speech, they do, however must show a form of entertainment and be effective. Aristotle described three major rhetorical means of persuasion; ethos, pathos and logos. Ethos uses trust to persuade the audience. A politician uses his or her respective reputation and what is perceived and said about them; however there is a close connection between reputation and reality. Credibility depends both on expertise and how this is portrayed. In order to persuade the audience, you must first believe in yourself. Pathos does not directly involve the argument itself; instead pathos relies on the emotions of the audience. An efficient way to move the audience is to appeal to their values. Logos is Greek for logic and is used to persuade the audience by demonstrating the truth and is based on scientific facts. Logos is also used to appeal to the intellect of the audience, and is considered an argument of logic. The use of rhetoric is very apparent in political speeches and the outcome is measured by a vote placed by each member of the audience. Aristotelian rhetoric assumes that you believe the politician, and disbelieve all other politicians that have different views. The persuasiveness or manipulation of a speech not only depends on the nature of the speech, but also on the believability of its origin and beliefs shared by the speaker and the audience. The audience is attracted to the integrity, passion and reasoning of the speaker. The speaker must find the proper balance of the aforementioned qualities in the debate in order to be effective. In the end the audience is persuaded because they sense that the speaker is an expert on the topic based on his or her substantial confidence and the amount of emotion involved. Rhetoric used in the past The foundation of the modern approach to society, including the entirety of the modern political system, is fallout from the medieval rediscovery of Aristotles work; during the Crusades, Europeans re-discovered Latin translations of Aristotle in various libraries throughout the Islamic world. When rhetoric is applied to political speech, therefore, it may be concluded that the politician is attempting to sway the publics opinion in a manner that is unjust and false. Today political parties in the United States play an integral role in political elections, local, state and national. Parties have become a vehicle for exerting the ideas and agenda of large and collective groups of citizens. However, political parties in colonial American and the early Republic were viewed negatively, by both early politicians and philosophers. Even the founding fathers had issues with political parties. Parties were thought to divide Americans. Also, thinkers of the time thought that forming parties would result in spawning a winning side and a losing side in elections, which would further split Americans. People in society today are greatly influenced by what they read. The articles in the newspapers skew peoples beliefs of political affairs and current events in the same way that biased articles in popular magazines seem to shape the way the general public views different types of cultural aspects. Keeping this in mind, it is especially important to note that during the 1800s, the people lacked other forms of media and communication that people in modern times are influenced by. Instead, they relied heavily on literature to entertain themselves, most of which shaped the way they viewed culture, politics, and life itself. Consider how politicians use rhetoric to promote their policies. We focus on a particular type of rhetorical appeal-those based on emotionally charged predictions about policy consequences. For politicians, we emphasize maximizing and strategic behavior, reflecting their full-time employment in politics and large personal stakes in political outcomes. Political leaders want to win policy debates and they employ rhetoric in an effort to move public opinion to their respective sides. The very reason for public political debate between parties is to sway those preferences in one or the other direction. Politicians often try to shape citizens beliefs about current conditions and the likelihood that particular outcomes will occur if a policy is or is not put into law (e.g., Jerit, 2009; Lupia Menning, 2009). Politicians can attempt to form and change such beliefs, fundamentally, because of the role of uncertainty in policy decisions. There is always considerable and sometimes enormous uncertainty about the impact of proposed policies (see, e.g., Riker, 1996).1 Not even experts really know the consequences of a policy in advance. We agree that value-based arguments are an important part of politicians rhetoric. If politics were solely about values, each side would assert its values early, and citizens would line up on one side or the other. Politicians say many things during the course of a policy debate, and so the first task is to identify the forms that political rhetoric and argument can take. From the perspective of politicians seeking to persuade citizens, the three potentially most valuable forms are assertions of core party values and principles, predictions of future states,3 and factual descriptions of current circumstances. All three forms of political rhetoric are motivated by party leaders desires to sway opinion in the preferred direction, although each form has its own purpose. If parties can shape beliefs, and thus preferences, by taking advantage of uncertainty and strategically using rhetoric, then winning elections and winning policy debates through rhetorical persuasion are both possible, if not mutually reinforcing. Political rhetoric will not evolve in precisely the same way across different policy debates. We have offered several propositions about how politicians should behave when they believe they can shape citizens beliefs. They also show that neither politicians nor the media seem to provide citizens with reliable, readily identified cues to help distinguish those that are worth taking seriously from those that are just hot air. Under such circumstances, what can we reasonably expect from citizens who are asked to render political judgments? Speculations on Citizens Responses to Political Rhetoric To address citizens responses to predictive rhetoric, we first comment on two important perspectives in political psychology that appear to suggest grounds for expecting quite competent performance. test is crucial to understanding the uses of predictive rhetoric and its consequences for citizen competence. Unfortunately, we are about to navigate largely uncharted waters. 11 Citizens Assessments of Asserted Links in Predictive Arguments Assuming that citizens care about the outcome, they will consciously or unconsciously consider the claimed link between the focal policy and that outcome. Does an important causal linkage exist? To avoid effort, and lacking expertise in the policy area, citizens will limit their answers to a simple categorical question: Is there a genuine, significant link of the sort claimed, or is the claimed link minimal or nonexistent? Unlike experts, ordinary people generally will not bother with refined distinctions, for example, attempting to distinguish between a very important and a somewhat important link. To avoid being manipulated, unaligned citizens will not take politicians at their word, but rather will try to assess the validity of an alleged link independently. In searching for independent corroboration, they will employ simple heuristics, including the following three in particular. We concluded that rhetorical predictions about the consequences of policies create obstacles for citizens who seek to make reasonable decisions. Conclusion In this very exploratory chapter, we have considered the political logic of policy rhetoric; the prominence of appeals that rely on extreme and mostly negative predictions and seek to elicit an emotional response; the processes that citizens use in determining their response; and the consequences of those processes for the competence of individual and collective decisions about policy. To put our findings simply, the information environment in which citizens make decisions about policies presents a constant stream of dramatic, emotionally salient predictive claims, covering a wide range of outcomes, and presented largely without supporting evidence or other diagnostic information. The highly partisan cope with this constant stream by adopting the party line. The unaligned have no such luxury, and thus must try to make sense of the political rhetoric. Sometimes the dire predictions elicit some form of corroborating information-a pertinent schema, an example from daily life, or the like-in the minds of these citizens, thus ringing a bell with them. There is little reason to suppose that the predictive appeals that ring a bell in this way correspond at all closely to the considerations that would prove decisive in an environment that encouraged deliberate judgment on the basis of realistic claims and the best available diagnostic information. But, then, there is no reason to believe that taking party cues does, either.

Becks Music :: essays research papers

Music is central to my life. Without music, the world would be naked, cold, and quiet. Music can set the rhythm for a long day of work, the mood for a date, for a party, for your whole life. It can wrap you in a blanket of comfort when you are lonely, or inspire you when you are down. Music is a vehicle for expressing love, telling a story, or showing happiness. My love for music has grown immensely throughout the past few years and continues to grow without bounds. Playing musical instruments, such as the piano and guitar, has deepened my appreciation for the sounds I hear when I listen to music. From personal experience playing in concerts and writing my own songs, I have captured the views of both sides of music's artistic prism: creation and presentation. Creation, I have learned, can be a tremendously tedious task. It involves much more than perseverance and determination. Creating music requires the harmonious articulation of one's feelings and thoughts through instrumental or vocal sounds. There is no one who accomplishes the feat more cleverly than Beck.Beck Hansen, known as Beck, is a musical genius who performs an unparalleled, funky, and melodic music style. At the age of 29, he has produced six full albums and will soon be releasing his seventh. Beck has become an inspirational icon among rising musicians and has defied the classification system of musical genres. Much disagreement has arisen over what kind of music it is that Beck performs, but the resistance to classification is what makes it unique. He merges coinciding genres, such as psychedelic hip-hop, folk, rap, and country, to define his own genre. Beck's dynamic music adjusts to the latest musical trends and builds off of talent from past generations. Like a catfish feeding on the bottom of a lake, Beck's music feeds off of the styles of other successful musician, such as Bob Dylan and The Beastie Boys. However, this does not mean that Beck is a copycat artist. It means that his music is based on a collaboration of the sounds of the world, and this makes his music very diversified. Beck is one of the most original musicians of all time, and to classify him as anything but a genius would be even more absurd than Beck himself. He is always "courting cultural disaster, and part of his genius is that he's always on the verge of making a complete ass of himself"(Rotundi).

Essay --

INTRODUCTION: Corruption in modern India from a common man’s view is about paying bribes in order to get some work done from government officers. Corruption is a result of connection between politicians and bureaucrats. Before, bribes were paid to get the wrong things done but now bribes are paid to get the things done at right time. PLACES WHERE CORRUPTION EXISTS: POLITICS: Corruption in politics takes place mostly at the time of election. A huge amount of money is collected by political parties and leaders from industrialist and businessman for election. In return these industrialists multiply their income by making profits out of licenses and tenders with the help of politicians during the election or after the election. Money is poured in election and votes are purchased with the help of booth capturing and compulsory voting which is practiced by corrupt politicians to remain in power. Many politicians including cabinet ministers and Chief Ministers are involved in biggest scams like 2G spectrum scam (176000 crore), Adarsh housing society scam (70000 crore), Coal mining scam (186000 crore). LAND AND PROPERTY: Large number of buildings are illegally constructed in order to meet the demands of people moving to large cities in search of jobs. Buildings are created quickly with poor construction materials and without any proper safety measures. It is often seen that builders pay huge amount of bribes to government officials so that they ignore the illegal structures and do not take any action against the builders. Many buildings are collapsed every year because low quality of material is used. In 2013, Thane building collapsed that killed 72 people and 67 people were killed in 2010 when an apartment building collapsed in Delhi. BL... ... term. HOW TO CONTROL CORRUPTION: Some specific measures to control corruption are, †¢ Right to Information Act was introduced in the year 2005. It gives information to citizens regarding what government does with our tax payments. There is Public Information Officer is appointed in every government department. These officers collects the information from citizens and if the officer refuses to accept the application, then he is fined up to Rupees 25,000-. †¢ Central Vigilance Commission is another way to control corruption. It was introduced by government to advice and guide central government departments in the area of vigilance. It has the responsibility to create an awareness among people with the consequences of taking and giving bribes. †¢ Special courts must be introduced for speedy justice and there must be a bill introduced in parliament for corrupt people.

Stop Small Hands from Working in Factories

Like other problems India facing today, biz. Poverty. Illiteracy, malnutrition etc, child labor is also a big threat to the nation and it Is practices in many parts of the country. Though gobos, both central as well as states, have been pushing for the various polices/programmer to cease ‘child-labor', the success story so far Is not so good if we see UN reports. At present, to deal with ‘child labor' problem,we have Child Labor prevention Act, some policies like Right To Education etc, but due to poor infrastructure and absence of proper blue print the policies remain on paper.Education is still distinct dream for many children. Gobo schools are poorly funded, they do not have required number of teachers and so do not student, they do not have science laboratories, rand-day meal Is not provided in many schools. Some schools do not even have toilet facilities which Is the reason of low number of female students. And the ‘child labor' is practices mostly in those par ts of the country, from where schools possess above properties. But to my mind lack of availability of education is not the only reason of ‘child labor' other than poverty.Apart from poverty and illiteracy, idealism, migration, malnutrition too play a very Important role to Increase the number of child labors. Most of the child labors from our country are Dallas, marginal's and alienated. Along with being dalai they are poor as well as illiterate. Also many child labors are baggers' who do not have their own shelter (unfortunately, in India,there are no laws which will cover baggers). So the number of child laborers are more in those parts of the country where idealism is practices strongly and they have more number of industries.For example, states like Arioso, Shorthand are resource, minerals rich so there Is greater number of industries, and also idealism Is practices more in these states, hence result of which Is more number of child labors. Another ex Is of Tamil Nadia, w here idealism is practices and hence we can find more child labors working in bad safety conditions of fire works industries. Just like idealism, migration is again another reason p, which couples with poverty, force children to work as labor to fulfill their basic livelihoods. So In a country like India, which Is such a diverse country, problems also show verse nature.Hence approach to every single problem to solve should be Inclusive. So to stop child labor, only RET or Child labor prevention Act are not sufficient but gobos should also look at the implementation of the other important schemes like MANAGER, various pension schemes(including students scholarship) etcÃ'› they have to work to stop migration, they have to stop malnutrition, hunger by creating necessary Infrastructure to deal with, increasing efficacy In systems and creating awareness among people. Stop Small Hands from Working in Factories By Similarities Like other problems India facing today, biz. Every, illiterac y, malnutrition etc, child labor is also a big threat to the nation and it is practices in many parts of the various policies/programmer to cease ‘child-labor', the success story so far is not so have science laboratories, mid-day meal is not provided in many schools. Some schools do not even have toilet facilities which is the reason of low number of female too play a very important role to increase the number of child labors. Most of the child labors from our country are dalais, marginal's and alienated. Along with being dalai they are poor as well as illiterate.Also many child labors are ‘baggers' who do not have their own shelter (unfortunately, in India,there are no laws which there is greater number of industries, and also idealism is practices more in these states, hence result of which is more number of child labors. Another ex is of Tamil So in a country like India, which is such a diverse country, problems also show diverse nature. Hence approach to every singl e problem to solve should be inclusive. MANAGER, various pension schemes(including students scholarship) etc. , they have necessary infrastructure to deal with, increasing efficacy in systems and creating

How America Has Changed Forever Essay

Americans to this day will never act or feel the same way as they once used to. What we did then and how we did it, we can no longer do now. It has been over twelve years since the United States went through one of the most horrific, terrifying tragedies in all of United States history. As we all know today, on September 11, 2001, Al-Qaeda terrorists hijacked four passenger airliners so they could be flown into buildings in suicide attacks. Two of those planes were intentionally crashed into the North and South towers of the World Trade Center complex in New York City. For this reason, there has been an enormous amount of changes in the United States. The three major areas that have changed are the airport security, the government, and the psychological impact. Before the attacks on the World Trade Center, airports security was fairly simple. For instance, passengers only had to show your ID and passengers were allowed to bring sharp objects on board such as: penknives, box cutters, and sharp scissors. Passengers were also allowed to walk through security with their shoes on, a belt on, or even a drink in their hand. Whereas now, we have adopted a new form of security called the Transportation Security Administration. Security now stops you at every checkpoint and you have to show your ID. Also, you cannot carry sharp objects onto the plane. You now have to take off your shoes and belt, and have them ran through a metal detector. Another key point is that passengers are not allowed to have liquids above 3. 4 ounces when going through the checkpoints. Special items such as laptops must be pulled out of the luggage. One of the most noticeable changes is the need to arrive at the airport early. The United Airlines website, for example, suggested airport arrival times include this recommendation for Los Angeles International: â€Å"Customers with checked baggage should arrive 2 hours before flight departure. † Due to the excessive wait at security, an early arrival is necessary. The airport security was not the only factor the United States enhanced, but the government as well also made changes. Due to the attacks, for this reason, the United States adopted the Patriot Act. The purpose of this act is to: deter and punish terrorist acts in the United States and around the world, enhance law enforcement investigatory tools, and for other purposes. There were also more than one hundred and thirty pieces of legislation introduced that related to the attacks during the first year. Such as: the Aviation and Transportation Security Act, the Enhanced Border Security, and Visa Entry Reform Act. To be sure to stop another tragedy happening, the government created agencies after the attacks that include the Department of Homeland Security, which consolidated other agencies, including the U. S. Immigration and Naturalization Service. The last significant change that the United States has faced since the attack is the psychological impact on how we Americans view immigrants. To put it another way, some Americans responded with fear, anger, as well as a growing intolerance for immigrants, especially against those who are or appeared to be from the Middle East. For this reason, many Muslims and Asians in the United States reported that they were the victims of harassment and hate crimes days after the attacks. In fact, some Muslims were shot and killed only because of their race. Not only were people shot, people were also targeting institutions that related with the Islamic faith. Mosques were attacked as well as other religious buildings, including a Hindu temple in St. Louis, Missouri. Anger and fear are not the only psychological consequences that we Americans have faced, but also posttraumatic stress disorder. According to figures from three New York City 9/11 health programs, at least 10,000 police officers, firefighters and civilians directly exposed to the World Trade Center attacks have been diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder. Twelve years later, we Americans are still impacted from this tragedy. We will always be emotionally distraught, nor we will ever get back the loved ones that have passed away in the tragic incidents. On the positive note, the government passed many regulations to make sure that there will never be a 9/11 repeat.

Consumer Making Decision & Behavior Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Consumer Making Decision & Behavior - Term Paper Example When two friends were passing by and saw the stage and the burnt up wall, one of the passersby turned to her friend, asking her if she could see that the Maxima was so hot that it had burned through the wall. Responding to this comment, the prop master, Daryll Merchant, said that that was the whole concept of the advertisement. According to the executive creative director of True, Christopher Davis, people nowadays don’t say ‘cool’ anymore as it is almost uncool to say it, whereas ‘Hot’ is the new vernacular. The Maxima campaign was aimed at selling the idea of hotness. The pieces of the ‘Hot’ campaign were striking. At each site, the fences of parking lots were temporarily removed to make way for the car-ravaged wall that had a built-in steam engine. The wall was watched by two security guards. The advertisement was deconstructed every four days at 5:30 am and was put in its new location. The holes that were left from bolting the props d own were filled with concrete (Yuan 2005). The response from the street campaign was strong. An example of this strong response was when one bus driver pulled over the bus with people in it and took a picture of the ‘Hot’ Maxima, while someone else called 911. The best compliment that the Maxima street campaign got was that from a passerby who without any prompting, remarked saying ‘Wow, that is hot!’The director of Nissan Marketing, Fred Suckow, was hoping that their unique integrated campaign would reach beyond traditional marketing. The intention of the Maxima street scenes was to engage all the senses of the consumers. The street scenes were intended to grab the attention of the onlookers in the busy metro areas as well as bring to life the ‘Hotness’ campaign and the essence of the Maxima. The customers who had a Maxima would be perceived as ‘hot’ and a little different from everybody else. Nissan targeted people who had a desi re to fit in.  Ã‚  

Immigration Law of the United States vs. France Essay

Immigration Law of the United States vs. France - Essay Example Many countries in Europe, as well as, Canada have similar concerns. France, in particular, is presently reforming and altering how they handle immigration concerns; their reasoning however is rather different for several reasons. Between these two countries, the United States and France, both, struggle to find balances socially, ethically, economically, and politically to resolve these immigration issues experienced in their countries respectively. Background In order to understand the immigration concerns of each country it is important to explore the immigration history of the two countries, which contributes to immigration situations that exist today. The United States is a country that was founded on immigration. For this reason, there were no laws relating to immigration at all. It wasn’t until a century after the country was founded that the first immigration legislation appeared; however, these policies were specifically biased, it focused to deter the immigration of pr ostitutes, criminals, and peoples of Asian descent.(Ewing, 2012) A quota system was implemented, in 1921, it too was biased in favor of Western Europeans. There were no restrictions or quotas on people of Latin or Hispanic descent until 1965. This was the first year that the quota was applied to Latin and Hispanic immigrants; it was, also, the last year that the quota system was put into practice. ... In 2005 the â€Å"Secure Fence Act† added stronger restrictions on border passage, longer fences, and the insistence of identification documents that are not easily forged or tampered with, all in hopes of deterring illegal immigration into the United States.(Ewing, 2012) Even more recently, are the stringent laws being enforced in the state of Arizona. Where it is now acceptable legal practice to question â€Å"potential† immigrants, who may have an undocumented status; the citizens in Arizona are required to carry the paperwork that verifies their right to be the United States at all times. France’s history with immigration is a little different than the United States. At one time France was the only country in Europe that encouraged permanent immigration to their country. However, by the 1970s, France’s need for migrant labor faltered with the first â€Å"gas shock.† The French political administration discontinued the renewal of visas and began actively working to deter possible immigrants coming from outside their borders. Ironically, with France’s floundering economy France became less attractive to migrant workers, when there is knowingly few jobs to be found.(Guiraudon, 2002) Unlike America, France has no social or professional businesses or organizations that lobby heavily in favor of immigration and the value of diversity on the workforce. France has, almost, taken n a â€Å"xenophobic† mentality, which simply means, that they prefer as few outsiders as possible. France has a large population of Muslim immigrants. They recently passed laws banning the building of minarets on their mosques and the wearing of burkas, or headscarves, in public places.(Remmers, 2010) France, unlike the United States, favors conformity over diversity.